Pulmonary Embolism (Pulmonary Embolus)

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition that occurs when a blood clot, often from the legs or pelvis, travels through the bloodstream and lodges in the lungs. In most cases, the blood clot that causes pulmonary embolism originates in the deep veins of the legs or pelvis, a condition called deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The blood clot then breaks off and travels through the bloodstream until it becomes lodged in one of the blood vessels in the lungs, causing a blockage that can be life-threatening. The blockage of blood flow to the lungs can cause damage to the lung tissue and can also lead to serious complications, including death.

Causes:

Pulmonary embolism is usually caused by deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which is a blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the legs or pelvis. The blood clot can break off and travel through the bloodstream to the lungs, where it can become lodged and cause a pulmonary embolism. Other less common causes of pulmonary embolism include air bubbles, fat droplets, and amniotic fluid.

Risk factors:

There are several risk factors for developing pulmonary embolism, including a history of DVT, surgery, cancer, obesity, smoking, pregnancy, and certain medical conditions such as heart disease and autoimmune disorders. Traveling for extended periods, especially by car or plane, can also increase the risk of developing a blood clot and subsequent pulmonary embolism.

Symptoms:

The symptoms of pulmonary embolism can vary depending on the size and location of the blood clot. Common symptoms include sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing, rapid heartbeat, and sweating. In severe cases, pulmonary embolism can cause fainting, low blood pressure, and even sudden death.

Complications:

If left untreated, pulmonary embolism can cause serious complications, including pulmonary hypertension, which is high blood pressure in the lungs, and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), which is a long-term complication of pulmonary embolism that can lead to heart failure and other problems.

Prevention:

Prevention of pulmonary embolism involves reducing the risk factors and taking steps to prevent DVT, such as getting up and moving around during long periods of sitting, staying active, maintaining a healthy weight, and avoiding smoking. In some cases, medication may be prescribed to prevent blood clots from forming.

Treatment:

Treatment for pulmonary embolism typically involves anticoagulant medication, which helps to thin the blood and prevent further blood clots from forming. In severe cases, thrombolytic therapy, which involves the use of medication to dissolve the clot, may be necessary. In rare cases, surgery may be needed to remove the clot.

Oriental medicine:

Oriental medicine, including acupuncture and acupressure, has been used for centuries to treat a variety of health conditions, including cardiovascular disease. While there is limited scientific evidence to support the use of acupuncture and acupressure for the treatment of pulmonary embolism, these therapies may be helpful in reducing stress and anxiety and improving overall health and wellbeing.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, pulmonary embolism is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention. The most common cause of pulmonary embolism is deep vein thrombosis, and there are several risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing this condition. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and require immediate medical attention. Prevention involves reducing the risk factors and taking steps to prevent DVT. Treatment typically involves medication, with surgery being a rare option. While Oriental medicine, including acupuncture and acupressure, may be helpful in improving overall health and wellbeing, it is important to seek medical treatment for pulmonary embolism.